Notes

13 Property, plant and equipment

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CHANGES IN PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2021
€ million	Land, land rights and buildings, including buildings on third-party land	Technical equipment and machinery	Other equipment, operating and office equipment	Payments on account and assets under construction	Total

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2021	45,151	49,822	84,389	7,766	187,129
Foreign exchange differences	674	857	1,124	128	2,783
Changes in consolidated Group	271	80	8	212	571
Additions	1,874	1,159	3,454	4,246	10,733
Transfers	1,144	1,745	1,694	–4,623	–39
Classified as held for sale	78	226	139	26	469
Disposals	756	1,293	2,420	58	4,527
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	48,281	52,144	88,111	7,645	196,181
Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2021	19,142	37,665	66,408	30	123,245
Foreign exchange differences	252	634	912	4	1,802
Changes in consolidated Group	–200	–129	–116	–1	–447
Additions to cumulative amortization	2,164	3,242	6,464	–	11,870
Additions to cumulative impairment losses	102	85	19	5	211
Transfers	56	–21	1	–31	5
Classified as held for sale	38	138	97	–	273
Disposals	382	1,231	2,288	2	3,903
Reversal of impairment losses	13	4	7	2	26
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	21,083	40,103	71,296	4	132,486
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2021	27,199	12,041	16,814	7,641	63,695

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CHANGES IN PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2020
€ million	Land, land rights and buildings, including buildings on third-party land	Technical equipment and machinery	Other equipment, operating and office equipment	Payments on account and assets under construction	Total

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2020	43,531	50,090	81,997	7,526	183,143
Foreign exchange differences	–907	–1,343	–1,765	–200	–4,214
Changes in consolidated Group	153	0	47	–32	168
Additions	1,914	1,281	3,935	4,410	11,540
Transfers	852	1,040	2,096	–3,883	105
Disposals	392	1,246	1,920	56	3,613
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	45,151	49,822	84,389	7,766	187,129
Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2020	17,389	36,498	62,862	242	116,991
Foreign exchange differences	–326	–973	–1,393	–9	–2,701
Changes in consolidated Group	34	9	28	–	71
Additions to cumulative amortization	2,050	3,226	6,561	–	11,838
Additions to cumulative impairment losses	58	46	18	6	127
Transfers	115	–19	98	–193	2
Disposals	177	1,116	1,760	13	3,066
Reversal of impairment losses	0	6	7	3	16
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	19,142	37,665	66,408	30	123,245
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2020	26,009	12,158	17,981	7,736	63,884

Government grants of €328 million (previous year: €156 million) were deducted from the cost of property, plant and equipment.

In connection with land and buildings, real property liens of €1,528 million (previous year adjusted: €1,462 million) are pledged as collateral for partial retirement obligations, financial liabilities and other liabilities.